The facts of plastic pollutionHow much plastic pollution is there? Approximately 51 trillion microscopic pieces of plastic, weighing 269,000 tons. That is about the same as 1345 adult blue whales. And 500 times the number of stars in our galaxy. How long does plastic last? As we know, plastic is strong, flexible and durable making it extremely useful, however that also means it never really breaks down. A plastic bottle can last for 450 years in the marine environment, slowly fragmenting into smaller and smaller pieces which eventually end up microscopic but never truly go away. This means that every piece of plastic that has ever been produced is still with us, in some form. What is the great pacific garbage patch? In the North Pacific, a gyre or slowly swirling whirlpool of ocean currents collects plastic debris. It is estimated to be twice the size of France and Charles Moore, the oceanographer who discovered it has predicted that it will double in size in the next 10 years if we don’t change our ways. It is not exactly a nice neat island that we can tidy away, it’s more like a ginormous plastic soup made of confetti like fragments of plastic. It has been imagined that it would take 67 ships 1 year to clean up less than 1% of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Facts and stats: - Plastic pollution can now be found on every beach in the world, from busy tourist beaches to uninhabited, tropical islands. - Scientists have recently discovered micro-plastics embedded deep in the arctic ice. - In 1950, the world's population of 2.5 billion produced 1.5 million tons of plastic; in 2016, a global population of more than 7 billion people produced over 320 millions tons of plastic. This is set to double by 2034. - Everyday approximately 8 million pieces of plastic pollution find their way into our oceans. - There may now be around 5.25 trillion macro and micro-plastic pieces floating in the ocean. Weighing up to 269,000 tonnes. - Over 150 plastic bottles litter each mile of UK beaches. - 100,000 marine mammals and turtles and 1 million sea birds are killed by plastic pollution pollution annually. Surfers Against Sewage. (2019). THE PROBLEM WITH PLASTIC POLLUTION. Available: https://www.sas.org.uk/our-work/plastic-pollution/plastic-pollution-facts-figures/. Last accessed 27th Sept 2019. How plastic pollution can be sortedEveryone can do something to reduce the amount of plastic that enters the ocean. Here are seven ways you can make a difference. 1. Reduce your use of single-use plasticsWherever you live, the easiest and most direct way that you can get started is by reducing your own use of single-use plastics. Single- use plastics include plastic bags, water bottles, straws, cups, utensils, dry cleaning bags, take-out containers, and any other plastic items that are used once and then discarded. The best way to do this is by: a) Refusing any single-use plastics that you do not need (e.g. straws, plastic bags, takeout utensils, takeout containers) b) Purchasing and carrying with you, reusable versions of those products, including reusable grocery bags, produce bags, bottles, utensils and coffee cups. When you refuse single-use plastic items, help businesses by letting them know that you would like them to offer alternatives. 2. Recycle properlyThis should go without saying, but when you use single-use (and other) plastics that can be recycled, always be sure to recycle them. At present, just 9% of plastics is recycled worldwide. Recycling helps keep plastics out of the ocean and reduces the amount of 'new plastic in circulation. If you need help finding a place to recycle plastic waste near you, check https://search.earth911.com/. It's also important to check with your local recycling centre about the types of plastic they accept. 3. Participate in (or organise) a beach or river cleanupHelp remove plastics from the ocean and prevent them from getting there in the first place by participating in, or organising a cleanup of your local beach or waterway. This is one the most direct and rewarding ways to fight ocean plastic pollution. You can simply go to the beach or waterway and collect plastic waste on your own or with friends or family, or you can join a local organisation's cleanup or an international event like the international coastal cleanup. 4. Support bansMany municipalities (a town or district that has local government.) around the world have enacted bans on single-use plastic bags, takeout containers, and bottles. You can support the adoption of such policies in your community. Here is a list of resources for legislative bodies considering limiting the use of plastic bags. https://www.plasticbaglaws.org/ 5. Avoid products containing micro-beadsTiny plastic particles, called 'micro-beads' have become a growing source of ocean plastic pollution in recent years. Micro-beads are found in some face scrubs, toothpastes, and body washes and they readily enter our oceans and waterways through our sewer systems, and affect hundreds of marine species. Avoid products containing plastic micro-beads by looking for 'polythelene' and 'polypropylene' on the ingredient labels of your cosmetic products. find a list of products containing micro-beads here: https://www.beatthemicrobead.org/product-lists/ 6. Spread the wordStay informed on issues related to plastic pollution and help make others aware of the problem. Tell your friends and family about how they can be part of the solution, or host a viewing party for one of the many plastic pollution focused documentaries, like bag it, addicted to plastic, plasticized, or garbage island. Links for all of them are here: Bag it - http://www.bagitmovie.com/ Addicted to plastic - https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/addicted-plastic/ Plasticized - http://www.plasticizedthemovie.com/ Garbage island - http://www.vice.com/video/toxic-garbage-island-1-of-3 7. Support organisations addressing plastic pollutionThere are many non-profit organisations working to reduce and eliminate ocean plastic pollution in a variety of different ways, including:
Oceanic society - https://www.oceanicsociety.org/ Plastic pollution coalition - https://www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org/ 5 gyres - https://www.5gyres.org/ Alglita - http://www.algalita.org/ Plastic soup foundation - https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/ There are other non-profit organisations as well, these organisations rely on donations from people like you to continue their important work. Even small donations can make a big difference.
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Camera operatorDefinition: A camera operator, or depending on the context camera man or camera women, is a professional operator of a film camera or video camera as part of a film crew. The term 'camera man' does not imply that a male is performing the task. What is the role of the camera operator? Camera operators are employed by television and cable companies, within the film industry and by video production houses. They are responsible for operating a variety of technical equipment including single and multiple portable, remote-control and electronic cameras, cranes and mobile mountings. How much do camera operators own? According to BLS, the average annual salary of a camera operator is $63,200. How long does it take to become a camera operator? To become a camera operator, you will usually need 1 to 2 years of training which includes both on-the-job experience and training with experienced workers. As a television camera operator, you'll work with digital, electronic and film cameras and produce required shots by combining the use of complex technology with creative visual skills. You'll work under a director or director of photography and may be supported by a camera assistant. ResponsibilitiesAs a television camera operator, you'll need to:
AGCAS editors. (2019). Television camera operator. Available: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/television-camera-operator. Last accessed 24th September 2019. EditorDefinition:
On its most fundamental level, film editing if the art, technique and practice of assembling shots into a coherent sequence. The job of an editor is not simply to mechanically put pieces of a film together, cut off film slates or edit dialogue scenes. How do you become a film editor? Most editor positions require a bachelors degree in a field related to film or broadcasting, such as communications. Many colleges offer courses in cinematography or video-editing software. Coursework involves a mix of film theory with practical training. Editors may complete a brief period of on-the-job training. How much does an editor make annually? Data provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that the average annual income of film and video editors was $66,690 in May 2011. The average wage in the field was £32.06 an hours. Editors in the top 10% made more than $126,250 a year, While workers in the bottom 10 made less than $26,350. Where do editors work? An editor might work at a Hollywood studio, spending hours alone on the editing booth, or in an office producing video content for a media company. Many editors work in motion picture and video industries or in television broadcasting, and some are self-employed. The importance of an editor. There’s a reason film editing is often called “the invisible art”: The goal of most editors is to create a seamless finished product, with no trace of their tampering. In reality, their fingerprints are all over the final film, and they are often among the most important figures in the entire process. Although the actors and the cinematographers play the primary roles in producing the footage available, it is up to the editor to splice this footage together to create a story. Film editing is part of post-production, or everything that goes on after the actual shooting of the film stops. Other aspects of post-production include sound editing and mixing, computer generated effects, and soundtrack creation. The film editor’s job is to join together the various shots into scenes, and the scenes into a finished movie. They usually work closely with the director to realize his or her vision for the film and to make the efforts of everyone else involved shine. Before the advent of digital editing, the film editor would literally cut up the film and piece it back together. An editor would take long strips of film, cut them precisely, and stick them to other strips with tape and glue, creating rolls of film. Nowadays, all this work is done on a computer and is much more accessible to amateurs. Ethan B. Reichsman. (2017). What us film editing. Available: https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/9/15/filmediting/. Last accessed 24th September 2019. QuestionnaireFor one source of primary research I went on to Instagram and asked my followers a few questions. I asked the questions on Instagram because my target audience mainly uses this social media, my target audience is the youth aged 16-26. I started off with the main question to see how big this topic is and to see how many people care about this topic. The response is amazing, only 1 person said they don't care about recycling plastic. This helps me because it shows how much people care about this subject. The response from this question is very helpful as it shows that every single person that answered this questions understands that this is a big problem that needs to be solved. I asked this question to see how involved people are in this subject and it shows that more people aren't watching videos about plastic pollution so they won't know how serious this topic is. This is very helpful to me because it shows that I will need to make a video that will get more people intrigued to watch, but also make the video meaningful so that people understand how big this problem truly is. I asked this last question to see what effect videos have on people. It clearly shows that the majority of people that watch videos about plastic pollution feel determined to do their part or at least feel motivated to do something to help. Interviews Me and Kieran made five questions about recycling and plastic pollution to ask several people their thoughts on this topic. We made the first question 'do you recycle?' first because it is the main question someone would ask for this topic. Everyone said they do which is helpful as we can understand that people clearly care about cleaning the earth. We made the second 'do you think recycling helps?' because we wanted to see if people feel like they are making a difference. The next question 'how much do you know about keeping the earth clean?' lets me and Kieran know how educated people are on this topic. The fourth question 'if you see litter on the floor, would pick it up?' is a good question to know how far people would go to help clean the earth. The next question 'do you watch videos on this topic?' is helpful for me and Kieran to understand how many people want to keep up to date with what is happening on this topic. We then asked if they feel motivated to do their part in helping save the earth if they do watch videos on this topic and the majority feel motivated. We also asked why people don't watch videos on this topic if they answered no to watching videos on this topic. Everyone that said no also said something along the lines of either 'I'm not sure why I don't watch these types of videos' or 'if I was to watch them types of videos they would make me very sad' so this shows that people don't watch them because they don't care about this topic but because they don't want to be scared or saddened to what is happening to the earth because of plastic pollution.
StatisticsWhere I found these statistics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-dpv2xbFyk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ju_2NuK5O-E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wthTmQHmuZ0&t=1023s
Campaignshttps://endplasticwaste.org/answers/
This website talks about the problem with plastic waste and also had the answer for putting an end to plastic waste, there’s also a part in the website where the visitors to the page can help and donate and keep updated with what the charity is doing. https://www.sas.org.uk/our-work/plastic-pollution/ This website is very good and very clear. It has 6 different sections to it. The first section is called ‘our work’ and it talks about what they do, which is beach clean ups, school programmes to teach the younger generations about the environment and the also campaigning against governments. The second section is called ‘ take action’ which show how people can get involved whether it’s a movement such as a strike or it could be a beach clean. The third section is called ‘in your region’ this shows regional reps all over the UK and you can follow them and see when there is beach cleans up and other things to help make sure plastic will come to an end. The Fourth section is called ‘shop’ this section sells all types of clothes and accessories and all funds made from the shop goes to the beach clean ups, campaigns and education initiatives. The fifth section is called ‘ news’ where it is always updated with the latest news on the plastic clean up. The last section is the donate section where anyone can donate as much as they want and all the money goes to help fund everything for this charity. https://www.earthday.org/campaigns/plastics/plastics-campaign/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIrPHDo_bK5AIVx7HtCh1OFQ1ZEAAYAyAAEgIP-PD_BwE This website show what they do and their previous accomplishments. They also have campaigns however they have links to 48 different campaigns that help save the earth. I their take action section it shows the impact you can have if you take action with the charity. They have a donation section and all the money goes to multiple different ways to save the earth and its environment.
and is there a solution for the plastic in the sea. He’s is talking to a man called David Santillo, he works at Greenpeace Research Laboratories. Roughly 330 million tonnes of plastic are made worldwide every year (660 Burj Khalifa’s in weight). 1 million single use plastic bottles used every minute (1 billion 440 million are used every day). Humans eat roughly a credit card sized amount of plastic every week (this is found on the WWF website). Microplastics are being eaten by all sea creatures from whales to microscopic plankton which are the base of the food chain so if this affects the microscopic plankton it then will affect humans eventually. He goes to India which is one of the worst countries when it comes to plastic pollution. When he arrives, he goes to a river and sees plastic coming out of drains into the rivers, the smell is apparently really bad and also the heat makes it even worse. The people living near the rivers say they don’t care about plastic, they believe that it is something the government should sort out and it’s not there problem and because of this they throw all of their rubbish into the river. He then follows the river to a fishing village where there is dry fish everywhere the smell is worse and more plastic, he talks to one of the fisherman that has lived there for their who’ll lives, he meets an old man and he annoyed and upset what the plastic has done because he remembers when it used to be a ‘beautiful’ place to live. He then talks to a man called Chinu Watrao who is a beach activist. He cleans beaches with hundreds of other people in India because the beaches are usually used as places to dump waste. He then talks to a woman called Dr. Rashneh Pardiwala. She explains that India produces 60% of the worlds plastic pollution. India produces 5.6 million tonnes ever year. 500 tons of plastic reach the Indian seas every day. He has been inspired to make a difference so he has organised to make a beach clean at the beach where he always goes to. He got 200 hundred people on the beach to help clean it. The video is 25 minutes long, it says ‘Since you started watching this, 300 tonnes of plastic has entered our oceans’. What happens in the video? This is a documentary about a father that is a surfer, he always finds plastic in the sea when he’s surfing and so he wants to find why this is happening, how it started, how it can be fixed etc. Is it persuasive? This documentary is persuasive because he has scientists and scientific research shown throughout the documentary so you know that the statistics and facts that are made are true. How is this helpful? This makes it helpful to get on board with what he’s doing because scientist have helped throughout the documentary which makes you want to do your part.
beaches sometimes, when this happens, she has to cut them open and will most likely find that the birds have died from eating plastic. They count all the plastic pieces found inside 1 dead bird and they counted 234 pieces, they also once count 276 pieces of plastic inside of a 90-day old chick which counted to 15% of that birds body mass, that is the equivalent to around 12 pizzas inside the average humans stomach. Rwanda is one of the few countries to ban plastic bags. Equivalent to a truck load of plastic is dumped in the ocean every minute. What happens in the video? This is a 7-minute video talking about plastic in the ocean, it shows a marine scientist that studies seabirds she is called Dr Jennifer Lavers. She is seen finding dead birds on beaches, she takes them to her laboratory and then sees how they died. The first bird is cut open and found to have 234 pieces of plastic inside its gut. It then talks about how plastic can be reduced by recycling and also talks about other materials that are more eco friendly that can be replaced with plastic. Is it persuasive? This video is very persuasive because it shows first hand what plastic does to birds if we don’t recycle our plastic, it also gives stats and facts on the amount of plastic being produced and how bad it is, it also talks a little bit about countries that’re starting to make a difference. How is this helpful? This is helpful because it gives me facts and statistics that I could hopefully use within my project, it also shows me upsetting and disturbing footage of what is happening to animals because of plastic pollution, this is helpful because it gives me an insight of the damage the human race is doing when we don’t properly dispose of plastic.
After this it shows text saying ‘leave your unwanted garments in any of our 3,300 stores. We reuse them or recycle them into new clothes. Recycling one single t-shirt saves 2,100 litres of water.’ What happens in the video? There is a narrator that basically says you can wear whatever you want because fashion has no rules except one and that is to recycle your clothes. Then after this it shows text saying that H%M will recycle your clothes and that by just recycling one t-shirt can save 2,100 litres of water. Is it persuasive? For the people that like clothes and fashion, I would assume it is persuasive, because these people will probably have many clothes they don’t need and now knowing that all they have to do is give their clothes back to H&M and H&M will do the rest of the work, the customer will feel happy and satisfied as they will most likely feel happy knowing their clothes aren’t going to be wasted and will be helping the earth and also it is H&M doing the recycling work for them instead of the customers. How is this helpful? This is helpful because this advert was made over 4 years ago and H&M are still keeping up with this recycling plan, so it helps to know that at this moment there are companies that are recycling and helping the earth.
He then asks if the audience would like to see his final design. He uses the natural flowing current to his advantage. Before showing his product, he explains how it all works and the impact it will have. He shows anchors that have already been made then he ends the talk. What happens in the video? In this video a man called Boyan slat talks about how he wanted to clean the ocean at its worst parts, he tried to get businesses to help fund this for him as it would be hundreds of million dollars to run the operation. He got rejected from everyone he asked and got told it’s impossible to clean up the ocean so he should stop, so he started a crowdfunding for this project instead and done a TED talk about his idea, this helped a lot. He then goes to show and explain how bad the plastic pollution in the oceans is. He then explains his idea and how it will work and it requires very little materials, power and energy. He shows graphs on how bad the situation could get if the clean-up doesn’t happen and how good it could be if the clean-up does happen as long as it goes to plan. After explaining all these things, he then shows the anchors that will be used in his actual plan to show how far on with this plan he is. Is it persuasive? This video is persuasive in the sense that it makes the viewers/the audience want to help him in this project as he has shown clear evidence of how this should all work and can clean the oceans plastic very quickly. the audience can help fund for this if they want by giving money to his crowdfunding. How is this helpful? This is helpful because the audience can help fund for this if they want by giving money to his crowdfunding and by him doing this talk and spreading awareness it allows the audience to spread the word about his plan so more people can be on board with his idea.
He then goes on to apologise more, throughout all of this very graphic footage is shown of ocean and large bodies of waters being filled with plastics, dead birds killed from microplastics, animals such as sharks being killed for their fins and hitting the heads of the sharks with axes to kill them, it also shows vicious deaths of seals by humans with axes. It shows news articles about climate change and how people want to help fix it but people such as president Donald Trump doesn’t even believe it’s real. He finishes writing his dear oceans letter. He puts it in a bottle and throws it into the ocean, he then goes back to his house to find a different glass bottle, he opens it up and a piece of paper says ‘reverse the damage’ on it. There’s a necklace there as well that he puts on and he passes out. Time reverses to present day. He wakes up to a call from his friend asking to surf, he looks at the piece of paper again and it now says ‘here’s your chance’. He goes surfing with his friend but when he gets there, he makes his friend look at the reef and the water below him. The reef is colourless. He then talks about how this upsets him so much and how he has created a charity to help sort this out. He then goes to Kansas to see his family and asks some people there if they know what coral is and they didn’t know what its purpose was. After this he goes to Australia with his friends that have the same opinion on this subject and also want to help it. In Australia he meets up with a non-profit organisation called the great barrier reef legacy. Before they go in to the reef, Amir (the person making the video) asks his friends what they expect to see, they all hope they see amazing colours, hundreds of fish etc. They go down to the reef and everything is just grey and colourless. One of Amir’s friends describes it as a graveyard. Amir begins to talk about how corals are being bleached, which is what kills the coral reefs if nothing is done to help save them. However, the great barrier reef legacy and the reef restoration foundation, help save the coral reefs. They explain how they can save the reefs. After this Amir and his friends go to a country called Belize which has the second largest reef in the world. They go and see what they do to help save the reef. Single use plastics are eliminated, they have bamboo straws, locally sourced food, reef-safe sunscreen and they also teach the tourists how they can help save the reefs too. A marine biologist says that by 2030 if we keep using plastic the way we do, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. One of the main problems leading to the coral reefs dying is because of climate change. Amir then goes to Seychelles. They look at the coral reef there and it is like coral reef at the great barrier reef. Amir and his friends are shocked and sad again. Hotels in this country have stopped plastic straws, bottles and bags and show the guests the coral reef to see how it looks. Amir then goes to South Africa to meet another charity, the reef is once again being destroyed. His next place he goes to is Tahiti. 80% of the reef is dead, however they are currently fixing the reef. After travelling the world for 3 months, he goes back to Hawaii. He goes to see some of his good friends. They begin talking about chemicals that are used by humans such as chemicals used for plants and crops will end up in the sea and this will also kill the coral reefs. Sunscreens is proven to go into the coral reefs and kill them. However, there is sunscreens that aren’t harmful to coral reefs. Most of our oxygen comes from our coral reefs, this means that if we let the coral reefs die our oxygen that we breath will get very bad. 70-100 million sharks are killed every year. In the last 30 years the human race has wiped out 90%-95% of the shark population. He asks everyone to share this video and share the message. At the end of the video he talks about many statistics to do with plastic pollution.
What happens in the video? It starts off by showing a short film of what could happen if we don’t clean our coral reefs. After that there’s a man called Amir and he travels all around the world with his friends to go to different coral reefs and see what is happening to them and how they can be sorted and fixed. It shows how we need to do this to save the earth and at the end of the video he gives off many facts and statistics about plastic pollution and climate change. Is it persuasive? This is one of the most persuasive videos that is out at the moment. It is a 50-minute documentary so they have been able to put a lot of things in this video and have also made it very descriptive. It is also persuasive because Amir the main person in the documentary does everything first hand and by this, I mean he goes to all the places where things are actually happening and he can see what’s happening to the coral reefs first hand. How is this helpful? This is very helpful, because the viewers of the video leave feeling as if they have to help and the viewers are given links in the description of the video to a website called save the reef, on this website they have multiple charities that the audience can donate to, in the documentary it talks about how the average human can help save the earth by just making small changes in their life style. By buying more Eco-friendly products and producing less emissions by walking places etc. |
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